I can’t stress enough that people look at SQL statements that are being executed against your production MySQL database, and you optimize queries when you can.
Often it’s the improvement to the large number of similar queries executed that can optimize resources. In this example, we take a very simple query, and by removing an unnecessary order by, we eliminate MySQL internally creating a temporary (in memory) table.
So what’s the big deal.
- The query is simpler to read and understand
- Memory required for the connection is not assigned
- A number of internal steps are no longer required (4 of 21 logging messages, not an ideal measurement, but an indication). In this case, it was easily a 10% performance improvement for each query.
This query is executed 10-100 times per second, so the improvement in performance is significant.
mysql> explain select max(mdate) as mdate from tbl where original_account = '[email protected]' and id = '15847' order by mdate desc; +----+-------------+----------------------+------+----------------------+------------------+---------+-------------+------+------------------------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+----------------------+------+----------------------+------------------+---------+-------------+------+------------------------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | tbl | ref | ids,original_account | original_account | 388 | const,const | 146 | Using where; Using temporary | +----+-------------+----------------------+------+----------------------+------------------+---------+-------------+------+------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select max(mdate) as mdate from tbl where original_account = '[email protected]' and id = '15847'; +----+-------------+----------------------+------+----------------------+------------------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+----------------------+------+----------------------+------------------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | tbl | ref | ids,original_account | original_account | 388 | const,const | 146 | Using where | +----+-------------+----------------------+------+----------------------+------------------+---------+-------------+------+-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show profile cpu,memory,source for query 1; +--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+---------------------------+---------------+-------------+ | Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Source_function | Source_file | Source_line | +--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+---------------------------+---------------+-------------+ | (initialization) | 0.00001 | 0 | 0 | send_result_to_client | sql_cache.cc | 1143 | | checking query cache for query | 0.000079 | 0 | 0 | open_tables | sql_base.cc | 2652 | | Opening tables | 0.000024 | 0 | 0 | mysql_lock_tables | lock.cc | 153 | | System lock | 0.000015 | 0 | 0 | mysql_lock_tables | lock.cc | 163 | | Table lock | 0.000041 | 0 | 0 | mysql_select | sql_select.cc | 2282 | | init | 0.000046 | 0 | 0 | optimize | sql_select.cc | 765 | | optimizing | 0.000027 | 0 | 0 | optimize | sql_select.cc | 924 | | statistics | 0.000173 | 0 | 0 | optimize | sql_select.cc | 934 | | preparing | 0.000028 | 0 | 0 | optimize | sql_select.cc | 1383 | | Creating tmp table | 0.000053 | 0 | 0 | exec | sql_select.cc | 1603 | | executing | 0.000011 | 0 | 0 | exec | sql_select.cc | 1743 | | Copying to tmp table | 0.002226 | 0 | 0 | exec | sql_select.cc | 2123 | | Sending data | 0.000148 | 0 | 0 | mysql_select | sql_select.cc | 2327 | | end | 0.000013 | 0 | 0 | free_tmp_table | sql_select.cc | 10115 | | removing tmp table | 0.000064 | 0 | 0 | free_tmp_table | sql_select.cc | 10143 | | end | 0.000014 | 0 | 0 | mysql_execute_command | sql_parse.cc | 5154 | | query end | 0.000012 | 0 | 0 | query_cache_end_of_result | sql_cache.cc | 735 | | storing result in query cache | 0.000047 | 0 | 0 | mysql_parse | sql_parse.cc | 6155 | | freeing items | 0.000021 | 0 | 0 | dispatch_command | sql_parse.cc | 2146 | | closing tables | 0.000014 | 0 | 0 | log_slow_statement | sql_parse.cc | 2204 | | logging slow query | 0.000011 | 0 | 0 | dispatch_command | sql_parse.cc | 2169 | +--------------------------------+----------+----------+------------+---------------------------+---------------+-------------+ 21 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show profile cpu,memory,source for query 2; +--------------------------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------------+---------------+-------------+ | Status | Duration | CPU_user | CPU_system | Source_function | Source_file | Source_line | +--------------------------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------------+---------------+-------------+ | (initialization) | 0.000021 | 0 | 0 | send_result_to_client | sql_cache.cc | 1143 | | checking query cache for query | 0.000090 | 0 | 0 | open_tables | sql_base.cc | 2652 | | Opening tables | 0.000022 | 0 | 0 | mysql_lock_tables | lock.cc | 153 | | System lock | 0.000014 | 0 | 0 | mysql_lock_tables | lock.cc | 163 | | Table lock | 0.000044 | 0 | 0 | mysql_select | sql_select.cc | 2282 | | init | 0.000049 | 0 | 0 | optimize | sql_select.cc | 765 | | optimizing | 0.000028 | 0 | 0 | optimize | sql_select.cc | 924 | | statistics | 0.000179 | 0 | 0 | optimize | sql_select.cc | 934 | | preparing | 0.000029 | 0 | 0 | exec | sql_select.cc | 1603 | | executing | 0.000016 | 0 | 0 | exec | sql_select.cc | 2123 | | Sending data | 0.00229 | 0 | 0 | mysql_select | sql_select.cc | 2327 | | end | 0.000039 | 0 | 0 | mysql_execute_command | sql_parse.cc | 5154 | | query end | 0.000012 | 0 | 0 | query_cache_end_of_result | sql_cache.cc | 735 | | storing result in query cache | 0.000011 | 0 | 0 | mysql_parse | sql_parse.cc | 6155 | | freeing items | 0.00002 | 0 | 0 | dispatch_command | sql_parse.cc | 2146 | | closing tables | 0.000014 | 0 | 0 | log_slow_statement | sql_parse.cc | 2204 | | logging slow query | 0.00001 | 0 | 0 | dispatch_command | sql_parse.cc | 2169 | +--------------------------------+-----------+----------+------------+---------------------------+---------------+-------------+ 17 rows in set (0.00 sec)
In most cases, If you can’t remove the order-by, An index on the order-by column would help.
If you’re hitting the primary key (where id = 23), MySQL should know that there can only be one row in the result anyway and atleast issue a warning. Or am I wrong?